1. the+形容词/分词

技巧

此类组合表示某一类人,常表复数,若情景要求,也可以表单数。如:the rich—富人们;the old—老人们;the injured—伤员

举例

The old work harder than the young.

此时的the old表复数,所以work不用三单。

The injured has been sent to the hospital.

此时的the injured表单数,所以have用三单。

2. 乐器前加the

技巧

表示演奏乐器时,乐器前要加the。

举例

play the piano 弹钢琴

play the violin 拉小提琴

play the guitar 弹吉他

3. 强调句

技巧

看到it is开头就首先怀疑是否考强调句。判断强调句的方法,把it is … that/who去掉,剩下的句子仍称为完整的正确的句子,则此句是强调句,反之不是;强调人用who,强调非人用that,除此之外别无他选。

举例

It is Tim who teaches me English.

是强调句,去掉it is … who后句子仍成立。

It is a pity that Tim doesn’t teach me English.

非强调句,去掉it is … that后句子不成立。

4. enough的位置

技巧

形容词/副词+enough

enough+名词

举例

He is not tall enough to hug her.

他不够高以至于抱不了她。

He has enough money to buy the earth.

他有足够的钱买下地球。

5. 复合不定代词位置

技巧

复合不定代词,即两个不定代词组合成一个新的代词(如something,somebody,anything,everyone等),它的定语(即修饰它的形容词)必须后置,也就是放在复合不定代词的后面。

举例

Can you tell me something interesting?

你能给我讲些有趣的事情吗?

6. 复合不定代词用单数

技巧

复合不定代词做主语是,其谓语动词用单数。

举例

Nothing is impossible!

Anything is possible!

一切皆有可能!

7. 代词few,a few,little,a little

技巧

主要对比可数不可数,肯定与否定。

a few和a little,表肯定

few和little,表否定

few 和 a few,表可数

little和a little,表不可数

举例

I have a few friends. 我有几个朋友。

I have few friends. 我几乎没有朋友。

I have a little time. 我有点时间。

I have little time. 我几乎没有时间。

8. 情态动词

技巧

以下词简单理解即可,线左边为现在时,线右边为过去式。

举例

can —— could 能 be able to 能(用于将来)

will——would 会

shall——should 会

should=ought to 应该(要做)

may——might 也许

must 必须(主观) have to 不得不(客观)

had better do 最好(做某事),动词用原形

used to do 过去常常做某事,动词用原形

be used to doing 习惯做某事,动词用ing

9. 情态动词+have done

技巧

would/should(=ought to)/could + have done,表示,本会/本应/本能,否定直接加not;

must have done表过去一定怎样,主义否定为can’t have done,表过去不可能怎么样。

举例

  1. I should have been here. I should not have been there. 我应该在这里我不应该在那里
  2. She likes English. She must have learnt from Tim. 她喜欢英语,她过去一定跟Tim老师学习过。
  3. She hates English. She can’t have learnt from Tim. 她讨厌英语,她过去不可能跟Tim老师学习过。

10. 时态之过去进行时

技巧

把现在进行时be doing变成过去式就是过去进行时was/were doing,表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作。

when/while表示“当….时”,常作为进行时标志。

举例

  1. We were having supper when the phone rang. 电话响时我们正在吃晚饭。
  2. He was cleaning the windows while I was cooking. 他擦窗时我正在做饭。

11. 一般将来时

技巧

一般将来时will do = be going to do = be (about) to do;无需区分它们的区别。

举例

I was pass the exam.

I am going to pass the exam.

I am about to pass the exam.

I am to pass the exam.

都表示:我将会通过考试。

12. 比较级的倍数

技巧

比较对象A+倍数+as+原形+as+比较对象B

比较对象A+倍数+比较级+than+比较对象B

举例

Her hair is twice as long as his. 她的头发是他的两倍长。

Her hair is twice longer than his. 她的头发比他的长两倍。

13. 主谓一致together with

技巧

表示“与;和….一同”

真正主语在together前面,所以谓语动词的形式取决于together前面的主语。

相同用法的还有:together with = with = along with = as well as

举例

He together with his parents,is travelling. 他和她父母一起旅行。

He,as well as his parents,is travelling. 他和他父母正一起旅行。

14. 代词another,other,the other

技巧

another 另外的

other 其他的,others代词复数

the other = the rest 剩余的

举例

My pen is broken and I have to buy another one. 我的笔坏了,得买另一支。

I like this pen and I hate other pens. 我喜欢这支笔,其他的都不喜欢。

I have 2 pens. One is black and the other is red. 我有两支笔,一支黑色另一支红色。

15. 代词it,that,one

技巧

it表特指,代替前文出现的同一东西;

that和one代替与前文同种类但不同一个的东西;

that也表特指,可理解为the+名词;

one表泛指,可理解为a+名词,代词复数时用ones。

举例

I have a pen and it is black. it 特指前面的pen。

The pen you bought is cheaper than that I bought. 句中that也指pen,与前面同类但不同一支,而且特指是I bought的。

My pen is broken. I must buy a new one.

one与pen同类但不同一支,且不特指哪一支。

16.代词my,mine

技巧

掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别:虽然都表示”我的“意思,但my相当于形容词,后面得加东西,如it is my book;mine相当于名词,后面不用加东西,如The book is mine.

类似的有your和yours,her和hers,their和theirs等,注意his前后变化都一样。

举例

Is this her book? 这是她的书吗?

Yes,it is hers. 对,书是她的。

17. 完成时have done

技巧

常考过去完成时had done;另有现在完成have done,将来完成will have done。

考试常用by作标志,即by+现在时,用现在完成时;by+过去时,用过去完成;by+将来时,用将来完成。

举例

By now,I have finished the task.到现在,我已经完成任务了。

By the time he came,I had finished the task. 他到达时,我已经完成任务了。

18. 特殊虚拟(should) do

技巧

带有建议、坚持、命令、以防等意思的动词或名词,如suggest、insist、demand等,其后用(should) do 且should可省略,切记do为动词原形。

举例

I insist that you should come.

I insist that you came.

意思一样,都表示”我坚持认为你应该来“。

19. 对现在虚拟

技巧

虚拟,即是与事实相反,常有if,主要考从句和主句的谓语动词变化。

对现在虚拟,从句用过去时,be动词全部变为were,主句用would/should/could/might+原形。

举例

If I am a boy,I will do it.(非虚拟)

If I were a boy,I would do it.(虚拟)

20. 对过去虚拟

技巧

虚拟,即是与事实相反,常有if,主要考从句和主句的谓语动词变化。

对过去虚拟:

从句用过去完成时,即had done,

主句用would/should/could/might+现在完成时

举例

If I am a boy,I will do it.(非虚拟)

If I had been a boy,I would have done it.(对过去虚拟)

21. 对将来虚拟

技巧

虚拟,即是与事实相反,常有if,主要考从句和主句的谓语动词变化。对将来虚拟,从句用过去时(be动词变were)或用should do或用were to do,主句用would/should/could/might+原形。

举例

If I am a boy,I will do it.(非虚拟)

If I were a boy,I would do it.(将来虚拟)

If I should be a boy, I would do it.(将来虚拟)

If I were to be a boy,I would do it.(将来虚拟)

22. 含蓄虚拟

技巧

用but for/without/otherwise替代了if,主句谓语动词变化与常规虚拟基本相同。

举例

I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called you.

句中的Otherwise = If I hadn’t been too busy.

全句变为常规虚拟:

If I had’t been too busy, I would have called you.

要不是太忙,我会打给你的。

23. 非谓语之不定式to do

技巧

to do 表目的,表将来

举例

To pass the exam, I will try my best.

为了通过考试,我会竭尽所能。(表目的)

I have something to do tomorrow.

我明天有点事要做。(表将来)

24. 非谓语之ing

技巧

非谓语ing表主动,表状态,表进行。

举例

Learning English well is very helpful.

学好英语很有用。

Walking on the street, he saw a girl.

走在街上,他看到了一个女孩。

25. 非谓语之过去分词

技巧

非谓语过去分词done,表被动;切记区分过去分词和过去时。

举例

Given more time, I can pass the exam.

若给多点时间,我能通过考试。

26. 非谓语动词的完成时

技巧

表目的的表将来的to do ~ to have done

表主动表进行的ing ~ having done

表被动的done ~无

举例

He is said to have been there.

据说他去过那。

Having suffered great pain, he went to the doctor.

遭受了巨大的痛苦,他决定去看医生。

27. 非谓语动词的被动

技巧

表目的表将来的to do ~ to be done

表主动表进行的ing ~ being done

表被动的done~本身已是被动

举例

He needs to be taken care of.

他需要被人照顾。

Being taken care of , he felt better.

被照顾着,他感觉好多了。

28. 反义疑问句之肯定否定

技巧

前肯后否,前否后肯。

即前面肯定,后面用否定;

前面否定,后面用肯定。

举例

He loves him, doesn’t he?

他爱他,不是吗?

He does’t love him, does he?

他不爱他,是吗?

29. 反义疑问句之think

技巧

主句(常是逗号钱的句子)的主语是第一人称I/We且谓语是think,believe,expect等时,疑问部分与这些词后面的句子构成反义疑问句。若主句主语非第一人称,则不合此规则。

举例

I don’t think he is bright, is he?

对应构成反义疑问句的是think后面的he is bright 而非前面的I don’t think。

We believe she can do it better, can’t she?

对应构成反义疑问句的是believe后面的she can do it better 而非其前面的we believe。

30. 反义疑问句之there be

技巧

there be句型的句子,必须用there be肯定或否定形式回答。

举例

There is a book on the desk, isn’t there?

桌子上有一本书,没有吗?

31. 反义疑问句之祈使

技巧

通常,陈述部分是祈使句时,前肯则后will you 或won’t you均可;

注意,前否则后will you或can you。

举例

Give him a hand, will/won’t you?

Don’t give him a hand, will/can you?

32. 反义疑问句之Let’s

技巧

以Let’s开头的祈使句,疑问句用Shall we;

以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句,疑问句用will you。

举例

Let’s go, shall we?(let’s包括我)

Let us go, will you?(let’s us不包括我)

33. 反义疑问句之回答

技巧

回答时只需注意事实,事实肯定就用yes,否定就用no,不要被句子的肯定或否定影响。

举例

提问: She is a student, isn’t she?

她是学生,不是吗?

回答: Yes, she is.

是的,她是学生。

事实上是学生就回答Yes, she is.反之则回答No, she isn’t.

34. 主动表被动

技巧

常规被动形式是be done,但need,worth,require,want等是直接加doing表示被动,即主动表被动。

举例

The house needs cleaning.

房子需要被打扫了。

The movie is worth seeing.

这部电影值得一看。

35. 无被动happen

技巧

happen和take place都表示“发生”,注意直接用主动没有被动,即没有be happened和be taken place。

举例

The story happened long long ago.

The story was happened long long ago.

故事发生在很久很久以前。

36. 从句语序

技巧

从句语序为陈述语序,即:

从句 = 引导句+主语+谓语

举例

I am what I am. 我就是我。

这是一个表语从句,因为what引导的从句充当了整个句子的表语。而从句部分正式由引导词what+主语I+谓语am。

37. 从句it形式主语

技巧

当一个从句在句首作整个句子的主语时,因为前面太长后面太短导致头重脚轻,故把从句用it代替,称为形式主语,而从句则整个移到原句子末尾。

举例

That I have to learn English is important.

从句That I have to learn English作为整个句子的主语,导致头重脚轻,用it代替后变为:

It is important that I have to learn English.

38. 主将从现

技巧

主将从现为主句用一般将来时从句用一般现在时,常用于时间状语从句如when、条件状语从句如if、让步状语从句如even though。

举例

If you pass the exam, I will be very happy.
这是if条件状语从句的主将从现,if从句用了一般现在时,主句用了一般将来时。

39. 形容词顺序

技巧

口诀:“县官行令谢国材”

县(限定词,如冠词、所有格、数词等)

官(观点词,如fine,beautiful等)

行(形状词,如大小、长短等)

令(年龄词,如年龄、新、旧等)

谢(颜色词,如white,black等)

国(国籍词,如Englisn等)

材(材料词,如stone,plastic等)

举例

his large new black foreign car

40. 最高级

技巧

比较三者或三者以上时用最高级,前面常加the。

举例

Yao Ming is the tallest in his class.

姚明是它他们班最高的。

Bing Bing is the most beautiful in her class.

冰冰是他们班最美的。

41. 基数序数最高级

技巧

the+基数词/序数词+最高级

举例

Bing Bing is one of the three most beautiful girls in her class.

冰冰是他们班三大最漂亮女生中的一个。

Bing Bing is the third most beautiful girl in her class.

冰冰是他们班第三最漂亮的女生。

42. 合成词之形容词

技巧

数词和名词中间加连字符“-”则构成一个新的词“数词-名词”,此词属于形容词。

举例

first-class 头等的

one-child policy 独生子女政策

43. 比较级the more

技巧

表“越…越…”会想到“the + more,the + more”,但注意它的真正表达为“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”,并非一定要有more,这个more只是表示比较级而已;另外,比较级后面的句子用陈述语序,即主语+谓语。

举例

The harder you study, the better you will be.
你越刻苦学习就会越优秀。

44. 分数的表达

技巧

基数词表示分子,序数词表示分母;若分子大于1,分母则要用复数形式。

举例

one-third 三分之一

two-thirds 三分之二

three-fifths 五分之三

45. 否定倒装

技巧

否定词在句首,后面引起部分倒装,即助动词放到主语前。

考试常见否定词seldom,hardly,rarely,scarcely,no,never,nor,neither,little等

举例

Seldom does he study at home.

不倒装则是He seldom studies at home.

他很少在家学习。

46. only倒装

技巧

only 或 not only在句首,后面引起部分倒装,即助动词放到主语前。

举例

Only in the library can you study hard.

只有在图书馆你才能努力学习。

47. so do I

技巧

so do I(我也是这样)

so I do (我确实这样)

举例

Tim loves English, so do I.

Tim爱英语,我也爱(英语)。

He loves English, so he does.

他爱英语,他确实爱。

48. 代词both,either等

技巧

both 两者都,肯定,谓词用复数

neither两者都不,否定,谓词用单数

either两者中任何一个,谓词用单数

none三者或以上都不,否定,谓词用单数

all三者以上都,肯定,谓词用复数

举例

  1. Both of them pass it.
  2. Neither of them passes it.
  3. Either of them passes it.
  4. None of them passes it.
  5. All of them passes it,

49. a/an

技巧

单词以元音开头用an,注意是元音而非元音字母(a,e,i,o,u);其余用a

举例

an hour(h不发音)

a house(h发音)

a university(u发辅音)

an unbrella(u发元音)

50. 冠词a和the

技巧

特指用the,泛指用a

举例

He is a teacher.

他是一名老师。(泛指)

He is the teacher who teaches me.

他是那个教我的老师。(特指)

51. 名词的数

技巧

当复合名词分开写且中间无连字符时,若表示复数,通常在第二个词后加复数词尾,而当复合名词的第一部分是man、woman或gentleman时,两部分都应变成复数形式;而对原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。

举例

men teachers 男老师们

women teachers 女老师们

goods train 货车

52. as…as的用法

技巧

as much as 表示差不多,用于不可数名词

as many as 表示和…一样,用于可数名词

as little as 表示几乎没有,用于不可数名词

as few as 表示几乎没有,用于可数名词

举例

He spends as many as 70% of his spare time reading novels of magazines.

他花费了差不多70%的空闲时间用于阅读小说和杂志。

53. so, such的用法

技巧

so是副词,修饰形容词和副词,而such是形容词,修饰名词。它们后面都接单数可数名词,但是词序不同。

so的词序为: so + adj. + a(an) + n.

such的词序为: such + a(an) + adj. + n.

注意:

1. 当后面接复数名词或不可数名词时,只能用such,而不能用so。

2. 复数名词或不可数名词前有many、few、much、little修饰时,只能用so而不能用such。

举例

So nice a coat = Such a nice coat 这么漂亮的一件外套

So interesting a book = Such an interesting book 那么有趣的一本书

Such beautiful flowers 这么美丽的花

Such clever children 如此聪明的孩子

So many books 这么多书

So few people 这么少的人

54. have/has (been to)/(gone to)

技巧

have/has been to 表示曾经去过某地

have/has gone to 表示去了某地还没有回来

举例

He has been to Austria to study music, and now he is one of the most famous pianists in our country.

他去过奥地利学习音乐,现在他是我们国家最著名的钢琴家之一。

55. 方位介词

at,in

at(小地方) at home, at the office, at school, at the bridge, at the crossroads, at the bus-stop at the doctor, at the hairdresser

in(表示大地方) in a country, in a town, in a village, in the street, in the forest, in a field, in a desert

其他情况(固定搭配) in a line/in a row/in a queue in a photo/in a picture in a mirror in the sky/in the world in a book/in a newspaper/in a magazine/in a letter in the front/back row(at the front/back) in the front/back of the car at the front/back of the building/cinema/classroom

谈论建筑

at表示事情发生场合 I met him at the cinema last night. in表示建筑物本身 I enjoyed the film but it was very cold in the cinema in强调在建筑里,at包括建筑物周围及里面 at the restaurant(可以是餐馆内,也可以是在餐馆附近的某个地方) in the restaurant(在餐馆里) at the cinema(在电影院,不一定在里面) in the cinema(在里面) There were a lot of people in the shop, It was very crowed Go along this road, then turn left at the shop

on, over, above

on表示两者接触 Put away the books on the desk The dictionary on the table is not mine There is some water in the bottle There is a label on the bottle There is somebody at the door. Shall I go and see who it is? There is a notice on the door. It says “Do not disturb”

on的其他情况 on the left/on the right on the first/second floor on a map on the page/on page seven(at the top/bottom of the page) on the menu on the list on a farm on the way to school on the corner of street, in the corner of the room

over不仅接触,还有覆盖的含义 Spread the cloth over the table Mon put a rug over me when I was asleep

over还可以表示正上方 There is a bridge over the river There is a lamp over the desk

above仅表示上下位关系,不接触,也不是正上方 The sun rose above the horizon There is a bridge above the river He is over me(He is my immediate superior) He is above me

below, under, beneath

under在下方,可接触,可不接触 I put the money under the mattess(床垫) The dog is groveling under the table

below表示两个表面之间间隔距离 They live below us

beneath可以替换under,但是偏向抽象含义 He would think it beneath him to tell a lie She married beneath her